Design and implement a data structure for a compressed string iterator. It should support the following operations: next
and hasNext
.
The given compressed string will be in the form of each letter followed by a positive integer representing the number of this letter existing in the original uncompressed string.
next()
- if the original string still has uncompressed characters, return the next letter; Otherwise return a white space.hasNext()
- Judge whether there is any letter needs to be uncompressed.
Note:
Please remember to RESET your class variables declared in StringIterator, as static/class variables are persisted across multiple test cases. Please see here for more details.
Example:
StringIterator iterator = new StringIterator("L1e2t1C1o1d1e1");
iterator.next(); // return 'L'
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.next(); // return 't'
iterator.next(); // return 'C'
iterator.next(); // return 'o'
iterator.next(); // return 'd'
iterator.hasNext(); // return true
iterator.next(); // return 'e'
iterator.hasNext(); // return false
iterator.next(); // return ' '
这道题给了我们一个压缩字符串,就是每个字符后面跟上其出现的次数,这里就算只出现一次,后面还是要加上1,那么其实如果当字符串很好有连续字符的时候,压缩字符串反而要比原字符串长。不过这题的重点不在于压缩字符串本身,而是让我们设计一个压缩字符串的迭代器,那么实际上是要我们根据压缩字符串来输出原字符串中的所有字符。那么我们关键就是要取出每个字符和其出现的次数,每当调用一次next,次数减1,如果减到0了,我们就要取出下一个字符和其出现的次数。我们要用个私有变量s来保存原字符串,然后用个变量i来记录当前遍历到的位置,变量c为当前处理的字符,变量cnt为字符c的当前次数。变量i的初始化为0,指向第一个字符,我们在hasNext()函数中,现将s[i]存入c,然后i自增1,然后我们用while循环取出所有的数字,存入cnt中。在next()函数中,如果hasNext()返回true,那么cnt就自减1,返回c;如果hasNext()返回false,那么字节返回空字符。在hasNext()函数中首先判断cnt的值,如果大于0,直接返回true,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class StringIterator {
public:
StringIterator(string compressedString) {
s = compressedString;
n = s.size();
i = 0;
cnt = 0;
c = ' ';
}
char next() {
if (hasNext()) {
--cnt;
return c;
}
return ' ';
}
bool hasNext() {
if (cnt > 0) return true;
if (i >= n) return false;
c = s[i++];
while (i < n && s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9') {
cnt = cnt * 10 + s[i++] - '0';
}
return true;
}
private:
string s;
int n, i, cnt;
char c;
};
我们可以用C++中的字符流类来处理字符串,写法非常的简洁,可以少定义一些变量,在hasNext()函数中,如果cnt为0了,那么我们用字符流类直接读出下一个字符和次数,然后看是否能读出大于0的次数来返回真假值,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class StringIterator {
public:
StringIterator(string compressedString) {
is = istringstream(compressedString);
cnt = 0;
c = ' ';
}
char next() {
if (hasNext()) {
--cnt;
return c;
}
return ' ';
}
bool hasNext() {
if (cnt == 0) {
is >> c >> cnt;
}
return cnt > 0;
}
private:
istringstream is;
int cnt;
char c;
};
下面这种解法还是用字符流类,和上面方法不同的地方是,在构建函数中完成了所有字符和次数的拆分,然后字符和其次数组成一个pair,加入一个队列queue中,这样我们每次处理的时候就直接去queue中取值就行了,这样hasNext()函数就变的非常简洁,只需要判断队列queue是否为空即可,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class StringIterator {
public:
StringIterator(string compressedString) {
istringstream is(compressedString);
int cnt = 0;
char c = ' ';
while (is >> c >> cnt) {
q.push({c, cnt});
}
}
char next() {
if (hasNext()) {
auto &t = q.front();
if (--t.second == 0) q.pop();
return t.first;
}
return ' ';
}
bool hasNext() {
return !q.empty();
}
private:
queue<pair<char, int>> q;
};
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/92098/java-concise-single-queue-solution
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/92159/short-solution-of-c-using-stringstream-python-using-re
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中…)
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