28. Find the Index of the First Occurrence in a String


Given two strings needle and haystack, return the index of the first occurrence of needle in haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.

Example 1:

**Input:** haystack = "sadbutsad", needle = "sad"
**Output:** 0
**Explanation:** "sad" occurs at index 0 and 6.
The first occurrence is at index 0, so we return 0.

Example 2:

**Input:** haystack = "leetcode", needle = "leeto"
**Output:** -1
**Explanation:** "leeto" did not occur in "leetcode", so we return -1.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= haystack.length, needle.length <= 104
  • haystack and needle consist of only lowercase English characters.

这道题让在一个字符串中找另一个字符串第一次出现的位置,那首先要做一些判断,如果子字符串为空,则返回0,如果子字符串长度大于母字符串长度,则返回 -1。然后开始遍历母字符串,这里并不需要遍历整个母字符串,而是遍历到剩下的长度和子字符串相等的位置即可,这样可以提高运算效率。然后对于每一个字符,都遍历一遍子字符串,一个一个字符的对应比较,如果对应位置有不等的,则跳出循环,如果一直都没有跳出循环,则说明子字符串出现了,则返回起始位置即可,代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int strStr(string haystack, string needle) {
        if (needle.empty()) return 0;
        int m = haystack.size(), n = needle.size();
        if (m < n) return -1;
        for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) {
            int j = 0;
            for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (haystack[i + j] != needle[j]) break;
            }
            if (j == n) return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }
};

我们也可以写的更加简洁一些,开头直接套两个 for 循环,不写终止条件,然后判断假如j到达 needle 的末尾了,此时返回i;若此时 i+j 到达 haystack 的长度了,返回 -1;否则若当前对应的字符不匹配,直接跳出当前循环,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int strStr(string haystack, string needle) {
        for (int i = 0; ; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; ; ++j) {
                if (j == needle.size()) return i;
                if (i + j == haystack.size()) return -1;
                if (needle[j] != haystack[i + j]) break;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/28

类似题目:

Shortest Palindrome

Repeated Substring Pattern

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/

https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/discuss/12807/Elegant-Java-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-strstr/discuss/12956/C%2B%2B-Brute-Force-and-KMP

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中…)

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