Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.
- push(x) – Push element x to the back of queue.
- pop() – Removes the element from in front of queue.
- peek() – Get the front element.
- empty() – Return whether the queue is empty.
Notes:
- You must use only standard operations of a stack – which means only
push to top
,peek/pop from top
,size
, andis empty
operations are valid. - Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
- You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).
这道题让我们用栈来实现队列,之前我们做过一道相反的题目Implement Stack using Queues 用队列来实现栈,是用队列来实现栈。这道题颠倒了个顺序,起始并没有太大的区别,栈和队列的核心不同点就是栈是先进后出,而队列是先进先出,那么我们要用栈的先进后出的特性来模拟出队列的先进先出。那么怎么做呢,其实很简单,只要我们在插入元素的时候每次都都从前面插入即可,比如如果一个队列是1,2,3,4,那么我们在栈中保存为4,3,2,1,那么返回栈顶元素1,也就是队列的首元素,则问题迎刃而解。所以此题的难度是push函数,我们需要一个辅助栈tmp,把s的元素也逆着顺序存入tmp中,此时加入新元素x,再把tmp中的元素存回来,这样就是我们要的顺序了,其他三个操作也就直接调用栈的操作即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class MyQueue {
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
MyQueue() {}
/** Push element x to the back of queue. */
void push(int x) {
stack<int> tmp;
while (!st.empty()) {
tmp.push(st.top()); st.pop();
}
st.push(x);
while (!tmp.empty()) {
st.push(tmp.top()); tmp.pop();
}
}
/** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
int pop() {
int val = st.top(); st.pop();
return val;
}
/** Get the front element. */
int peek() {
return st.top();
}
/** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
bool empty() {
return st.empty();
}
private:
stack<int> st;
};
上面那个解法虽然简单,但是效率不高,因为每次在push的时候,都要翻转两边栈,下面这个方法使用了两个栈_new和_old,其中新进栈的都先缓存在_new中,入股要pop和peek的时候,才将_new中所有元素移到_old中操作,提高了效率,代码如下:
解法二:
class MyQueue {
public:
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
MyQueue() {}
/** Push element x to the back of queue. */
void push(int x) {
_new.push(x);
}
/** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
int pop() {
shiftStack();
int val = _old.top(); _old.pop();
return val;
}
/** Get the front element. */
int peek() {
shiftStack();
return _old.top();
}
/** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
bool empty() {
return _old.empty() && _new.empty();
}
void shiftStack() {
if (!_old.empty()) return;
while (!_new.empty()) {
_old.push(_new.top());
_new.pop();
}
}
private:
stack<int> _old, _new;
};
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-queue-using-stacks/
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中…)
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